TYPE OF PARTICLES AND THE PHYSICAL STATE

Pelajar masih terkeliru dengan istilah ini :
TYPE OF PARTICLES (JENIS ZARAH) dan PHYSICAL STATE (KEADAAN FIZIKAL)

Dua ISTILAH yang jauh berbeza, tetapi masih terkeliru.

[Troubleshooting]

1. Adakah anda keliru dengan JENIS ZARAH dan PHYSICAL STATE?

a) Ya : Jawab soalan seterusnya.
b) Tidak : Jawab soalan ini :

States of Matter  : Keadaan Jirim
State of Matter : Keadaan Jirim
Type of Particles : Jenis Zarah
ATOM, MOLECULE AND IONS : Quiz





2. Adakah SEBATIAN (COMPOUND) adalah sejenis ZARAH?
a) Ya : Jawab soalan seterusnya.
b) Tidak : Tahniah. Tahap kefahaman anda masih OK!

3. Adakah ION, MOLECULE dan ATOM adalah sejenis ZARAH?
a) Ya.
b) Tidak : Betul. Betul-lah anda "SANGAT BERMASALAH". Jawab seterusnya.

4. Semua zarah LOGAM (Metal) adalah ATOM.
a) Ya.
b) Tidak : Hah. Makin teruk nih. Jawab lagi.

5. Gas Adi (Noble Gases) wujud sebagai MONOATOM.
a) Ya. Mono-Atom bermaksud terdiri dari satu atom sahaja tidak bergabung dengan atom lain.
b) Tidak. Tak paham MONO ke? Tak paham ATOM ni? Jawab lagi.

6. Zarah Air (Water) adalah molekul.
a) Ya.
b) Tidak. Eh..banyak yang tak kena ni.

7. Semua ZARAH gas adalah molekul.
a) Tidak. Bagus anda belum hilang ingatan. Ingat Gas Adi (Noble Gas) wujud sebagai ATOM.
b) Ya. SAH....anda 'hilang ingatan'.

8. Logam akan menjadi ION bercas positif untuk membentuk sebatian. (Metal will be positively charged ions to form compound.)
a) Ya. Anda faham konsep pembentukan ion.
b) Tidak. Erk...kritikal ni.

9. Pada suhu bilik, keadaan fizikal (physical state) oksigen berbentuk gas.
a) Ya.
b) Tidak. Sangat kritikal. How do you breathing?

10. Logam berbentuk pepejal (solid) pada suhu bilik.
a) Ya.
b) Tidak. Confirm anda sangat KELIRU.

QUESTION DISCUSSION [MARKING SCHEME ANSWER]

2ND QUESTION : QUESTION : SPM PAPER 2 Q3 (d)

NEXT QUESTION:
State which is more electronegative, sodium or chlorine. Explain your answer.[ 3 MARKS]

p/s- soalan ini diubah sedikit dari soalan sebenar SPM 2010-[diberi diagram JADUAL BERKALA PERIOD 3]

 ANSWER -MARKING SCHEME
MARK 1 : Chlorine is more electronegative.
MARK 2 : It has smaller atomic size or atomic radius smaller.
MARK 3 : Strong nucleus attraction on the valence electron become easier to receive electron//accept outside electron

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DIFFUSION

Tak susah pun topik ni...tapi ramai students misconcept / cuai / confused (keliru) ... lebih teruk lagi tak paham soalan untuk jawab soalan tentang part ni.

Konsep Asas - kita kena paham konsep "pergerakan zarah"(particles movement) dan "ruang"(space).

What is Diffusion ? [ Apa itu proses resapan]

Situation I

Pada waktu tengahari sedang anda melayan facebook di bilik bacaan. Anda terhidu sesuatu bau di bilik anda.. Berbau wangi, sedap menusuk hidung sehingga berbunyi perut anda kerana lapar. Bau tersebut datangnya dari dapur, bau masakan kari kepala ikan...Mak yang masak.

Adakah anda sedari proses resapan (diffusion process) berlaku dalam situasi di atas?

" Bau masakan kari di dapur merebak hingga ke bilik bacaan"

"The smell of curry cooking in the kitchen spreads to the study room"

Smell travel in the air by diffusion process. Molecules move randomly and freely in the air. Remember, molecules always moving, some molecules leave the curry as it is cooking. Molecules released when curry heated over.

These tiny molecules of curry travel through the air throughout the house-study room to our noses. If the wind is blowing, there will be more mixing of the molecules in the air, and molecules of curry can travel farther apart to other places. The molecules move randomly "from concentrated area(region) to less concentrated area(region)".

REMEMBER : Molecules* move randomly/freely from high concentrated region to low concentrated region.

* Air molecules

INGATLAH : Molekul bergerak secara rawak dan bebas dari kawasan berkepekatan tinggi ke kawasan berkepekatan rendah.

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SIZE OF ATOM 
 smallest particle of an element.

different ELEMENT - different size of atom.

ATOMIC SIZE, GOING DOWN THE GROUPS

(SIZE OF ATOMIC INCREASE)

 The number proton increase with number of electron increase are arranged in shell. The number of shells occupied with electrons increases when down the group elements. The size of atom increase.

ATOMIC SIZE, ACROSS THE PERIODS

(SIZE OF ATOMIC DECREASE)

All atoms in same period have the same number of shell(s) occupied with electrons. The proton number in nucleus increase by one unit from element to next element across period. Positive charge in the nucleus increase causing nuclei attraction force strong. The electrons shell are pulled closer to the nucleus. The size of atom decrease.

SIZE OF ION

Size of positive charged ion (CATION) are smaller than their neutral atom. WHY ? Number of proton is more than number of electron in cation. The POSITIVE CHARGE of the nucleus INCREASES. The FORCE OF ATTRACTION of nucleus on the electrons INCREASES. The electrons shell are pulled closer to the nucleus. Ionic size become smaller.

Size of negative charged ion are larger than their neutral atom. By adding electron to a neutral atom, then formed ANION. Number of electron increase causes repulsions(tolakan) between electron. The force of attraction of nucleus on the electrons weaker and electron move further apart. The ionic size become larger.

SOURCE : CRESCENT HIGH SCHOOL : TIGER CHEMISTRY

EXERCISE : CALCULATION

TOPIK :

7.1 ACIDS AND BASES