CHEMICAL REACTION

We know, the chemical reaction is process involve transformation of substance to form another substances.

Initial substances involved in reaction called REACTANT or REAGENTS
Final substances produce after reaction happened called PRODUCTS

# Example of reaction students learn in Chemistry is

i) Neutralisation : Reaction between Acid and Alkali.
ii) Displacement of Metal : Reaction of Electropositive metals and Salts Solution.
iii) Combustion : Burn the substances with oxygen in the air. 
iv) Precipitation : Reaction to produce - Insoluble salts

HOW REACTION OCCUR?

According COLLISION THEORY :
1st  : Reacting particles must collide each other ;
2nd : Have minimum required energy;
3rd : Collide in the correct orientation.

Effective Collision Occurs when reacting particles have enough energy and correctly oriented when they collide. Effective Collision of REACTANTS will formed the new PRODUCTS
- Chemical Reaction occurs...

STATE OF MATTER ?

Matter is classify in two type:

Elements is the simplest form of matter which can not be changed further by chemical or physical methods. An ATOM is the simplest form of an element, some elements is a MOLECULE.

Compound contain two or more different elements in a chemically combined form. The simplest form of a compound is a molecule.Those molecules that consist of charged ions with opposite charges are called IONIC. The other type of molecules are called COVALENT and do not consist of ions.

Elements consist same type atom


See example of ELEMENTS

SYMBOL	COMMON ELEMENTS	TYPE OF ELEMENTS
Cl2	Chlorine	molecule
Ar	Argon	atom
Ne	Neon	atom
Xe	Xenon	atom
H2	Hydrogen	molecule
Mg	Magnesium	atom
Na	Sodium	atom
O2	Oxygen	molecule

Compound consist different type of atom and chemically combined.

See example of COMPOUND

SYMBOL	COMMON COMPOUNDS	TYPE
H2O	water	covalent / molecule
CO2	carbon dioxide	covalent / molecule
NH3	ammonia	covalent / molecule
NaCl	sodium chloride (Table Salts)	ionic / ion
MgO	magnesium oxide	ionic / ion
Fe2O3	iron oxide (Rust)	ionic / ion
HCl	hydrogen chloride	polar covalent / molecule

TYPE OF PARTICLES AND THE PHYSICAL STATE

Pelajar masih terkeliru dengan istilah ini :
TYPE OF PARTICLES (JENIS ZARAH) dan PHYSICAL STATE (KEADAAN FIZIKAL)

Dua ISTILAH yang jauh berbeza, tetapi masih terkeliru.

[Troubleshooting]

1. Adakah anda keliru dengan JENIS ZARAH dan PHYSICAL STATE?

a) Ya : Jawab soalan seterusnya.
b) Tidak : Jawab soalan ini :

States of Matter  : Keadaan Jirim
State of Matter : Keadaan Jirim
Type of Particles : Jenis Zarah
ATOM, MOLECULE AND IONS : Quiz





2. Adakah SEBATIAN (COMPOUND) adalah sejenis ZARAH?
a) Ya : Jawab soalan seterusnya.
b) Tidak : Tahniah. Tahap kefahaman anda masih OK!

3. Adakah ION, MOLECULE dan ATOM adalah sejenis ZARAH?
a) Ya.
b) Tidak : Betul. Betul-lah anda "SANGAT BERMASALAH". Jawab seterusnya.

4. Semua zarah LOGAM (Metal) adalah ATOM.
a) Ya.
b) Tidak : Hah. Makin teruk nih. Jawab lagi.

5. Gas Adi (Noble Gases) wujud sebagai MONOATOM.
a) Ya. Mono-Atom bermaksud terdiri dari satu atom sahaja tidak bergabung dengan atom lain.
b) Tidak. Tak paham MONO ke? Tak paham ATOM ni? Jawab lagi.

6. Zarah Air (Water) adalah molekul.
a) Ya.
b) Tidak. Eh..banyak yang tak kena ni.

7. Semua ZARAH gas adalah molekul.
a) Tidak. Bagus anda belum hilang ingatan. Ingat Gas Adi (Noble Gas) wujud sebagai ATOM.
b) Ya. SAH....anda 'hilang ingatan'.

8. Logam akan menjadi ION bercas positif untuk membentuk sebatian. (Metal will be positively charged ions to form compound.)
a) Ya. Anda faham konsep pembentukan ion.
b) Tidak. Erk...kritikal ni.

9. Pada suhu bilik, keadaan fizikal (physical state) oksigen berbentuk gas.
a) Ya.
b) Tidak. Sangat kritikal. How do you breathing?

10. Logam berbentuk pepejal (solid) pada suhu bilik.
a) Ya.
b) Tidak. Confirm anda sangat KELIRU.

QUESTION DISCUSSION [MARKING SCHEME ANSWER]

2ND QUESTION : QUESTION : SPM PAPER 2 Q3 (d)

NEXT QUESTION:
State which is more electronegative, sodium or chlorine. Explain your answer.[ 3 MARKS]

p/s- soalan ini diubah sedikit dari soalan sebenar SPM 2010-[diberi diagram JADUAL BERKALA PERIOD 3]

 ANSWER -MARKING SCHEME
MARK 1 : Chlorine is more electronegative.
MARK 2 : It has smaller atomic size or atomic radius smaller.
MARK 3 : Strong nucleus attraction on the valence electron become easier to receive electron//accept outside electron

Chemistry perfect score module 2010

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JOM BELAJAR CHEMISTRY

DIFFUSION

Tak susah pun topik ni...tapi ramai students misconcept / cuai / confused (keliru) ... lebih teruk lagi tak paham soalan untuk jawab soalan tentang part ni.

Konsep Asas - kita kena paham konsep "pergerakan zarah"(particles movement) dan "ruang"(space).

What is Diffusion ? [ Apa itu proses resapan]

Situation I

Pada waktu tengahari sedang anda melayan facebook di bilik bacaan. Anda terhidu sesuatu bau di bilik anda.. Berbau wangi, sedap menusuk hidung sehingga berbunyi perut anda kerana lapar. Bau tersebut datangnya dari dapur, bau masakan kari kepala ikan...Mak yang masak.

Adakah anda sedari proses resapan (diffusion process) berlaku dalam situasi di atas?

" Bau masakan kari di dapur merebak hingga ke bilik bacaan"

"The smell of curry cooking in the kitchen spreads to the study room"

Smell travel in the air by diffusion process. Molecules move randomly and freely in the air. Remember, molecules always moving, some molecules leave the curry as it is cooking. Molecules released when curry heated over.

These tiny molecules of curry travel through the air throughout the house-study room to our noses. If the wind is blowing, there will be more mixing of the molecules in the air, and molecules of curry can travel farther apart to other places. The molecules move randomly "from concentrated area(region) to less concentrated area(region)".

REMEMBER : Molecules* move randomly/freely from high concentrated region to low concentrated region.

* Air molecules

INGATLAH : Molekul bergerak secara rawak dan bebas dari kawasan berkepekatan tinggi ke kawasan berkepekatan rendah.

JOIN DISCUSSION : ANY QUESTIONS?

SERATAS HOLIDAY HOME WORK ....

ASSALAMUALAIKUM...

ALL SERATAS  STUDENTS...

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