CHEMICAL FORMULA

CHEMICAL FORMULA - (FORMULA KIMIA) : is a way to representation chemical compound.

EXAMPLE :

Hydrogen atom - H

Hydrogen gas - H₂

Hydrogen ion - H⁺

Letter-shows an elements. Each elements started with Capital letter. If have two letter, follow with small letter.


EXAMPLE :

Chlorine - Cl

Helium - He

Magnesium - Mg

Nickle - Ni

Neon - Ne

Subscript numbering-shows the number of elements in an compound.

The number of elements shows actual number ratio and exactly in chemical compound called molecular formula.

The number of elements shows simplest number ratio in chemical compound is called empirical formula.

EXAMPLE:

MOLECULAR FORMULA

carbon dioxide, CO₂

nitrogen dioxide, NO₂

carbon tetrachloride, CCl₄

glucose, C₆H₁₂O₆

EMPIRICAL FORMULA

carbon dioxide, CO₂

nitrogen dioxide, NO₂

carbon tetrachloride, CCl₄

glucose, CH₂O

Note : empirical formula like as simplify fractions.  
Simplify molecular formula to empirical formula(simplest ratio).


TO BE CONTINUE... (relationship between molecular formula with empirical formula)
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FORMULA KIMIA adalah satu cara mewakilkan sebatian kimia.


CONTOH:
Hydrogen atom : H
Hydrogen ion : H⁺
Hydrogen gas : H₂


Huruf mewakili unsur-unsur dalam sebatian kimia. Setiap unsur bermula dengan Huruf Besar. Sekiranya melebihi satu huruf untuk mewakili satu unsur, Huruf Besar diikuti huruf kecil.


CONTOH:
Carbon : C
Chlorine gas : Cl₂
Calcium : Ca
Nitrogen gas : N₂
Neon : Ne
Sodium : Na
Nickle : Ni


Nombor mewakili bilangan unsur dalam sebatian kimia.
(Nombor kecil di sebelah kanan-bawah)


CONTOH:


Magnesium chloride, MgCl₂
Sodium sulphate, Na₂SO₄
Calcium carbonate, CaCO₃
Aluminium nitrate, Al(NO₃)₃


Nombor dengan simbol positif(+) dan negatif(-) mewakili bilangan caj ion positif / negatif

CONTOH :

Sodium ion : Na⁺
Magnesium ion : Mg²⁺
Aluminium ion : Al³⁺
Chloride ion : Cl^-
Oxide ion : O^2-
Sulphate ion : SO₄^2-